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Percentage:

What is Percentage?

Percent is made of two words per and cent. Meaning of percent is “per hundred”. Sign of percent is %. To express x% as a fraction we have x% = x/100
Thus, 20% = 20/100 = 1/5; 54% = 54/100 = 27/50, etc.
To express a/b as a percent: We have, a/b = (a/b * 100)%
Thus, ¼ = (1/4 * 100)% = 25%; 0.6 = 6/10 = 3/5 = (3/5 * 100)% = 60%

• If the price of commodity increases by R%, then the reduction in consumption so as not to increase the expenditure is
  (R/((100+R))*100)%

• If the price of a commodity decreases by R%, then the increase in consumption so as not to decrease the expenditure is
  (R/((100-R))*100)%

• Results on Population – Let the population of a town be P now and suppose it increases at the rate of R% per annum, then:
  Population after n years = P(1- R/100)^n
  Population n years ago = P/((1+ R/100) )^n

• Results on Depreciation – Let the present value of a machine be P. Suppose it depreciates at the rate of R% per annum. Then:
  Value of the machine after n years = P(1- R/100)^n
  Value of the machine n years ago = P/((1- R/100) )^n

If A is R% more than B, then B is less than A by ((R/(100+R))*100)%

If A is R% less than B, then B is more than A by ((R/(100-R) )*100)%

Aptitude Questions (Percentages):

1. 3.5 can be expressed in terms of percentage as:

A)    0.35%

B)    3.5%

C)    35%

D)    350%

E)    None of these

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2. 78% of 270 + 14% of 110 – ? = 108

A)    156

B)    118

C)    168

D)    158

E)    None of these

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3. 20% of 1440 + ? = 25% of 880 + 120% of 750

A)    372

B)    842

C)    832

D)    1052

E)    None of these

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4. 270 candidates appeared for an examination, of which 252 passed. The pass percentage is:

A)    80%

B)    83(1/2)%

C)    90(1/3)%

D)    93(1/3)%

E)    None of these

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5. What percent of 7.2 kg is 18gms?

A)    .025%

B)    .25%

C)    2.5%

D)    25%

E)    None of these

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