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C – String

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C Strings are nothing but array of characters ended with null character (‘\0’).


  • This null character indicates the end of the string.
  • Strings are always enclosed by double quotes. Whereas, character is enclosed by single quotes in C.

Example for C string:

  • char string[20] = {‘f’, ’r’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘h’, ‘2’, ‘r’, ‘e’, ‘f’, ’r’, ‘e’, ‘s’, ‘h’, ‘\0’};
    (or)
  • char string[20] = “fresh2refresh”;
    (or)
  • char string []    = “fresh2refresh”;
  • Difference between above declarations are, when we declare char as “string[20]”, 20 bytes of memory space is allocated for holding the string value.
  • When we declare char as “string[]”, memory space will be allocated as per the requirement during execution of the program.

Example program for C string:

Output:

The string is : fresh2refresh.com

C String functions:

  • String.h header file supports all the string functions in C language. All the string functions are given below.
  • Click on each string function name below for detail description and example programs.
String functions
Description
strcat ( ) Concatenates str2 at the end of str1
strncat ( ) Appends a portion of string to another
strcpy ( ) Copies str2 into str1
strncpy ( ) Copies given number of characters of one string to another
strlen ( ) Gives the length of str1
strcmp ( ) Returns 0 if str1 is same as str2. Returns <0 if strl < str2. Returns >0 if str1 > str2
strcmpi ( ) Same as strcmp() function. But, this function negotiates case.  “A” and “a” are treated as same.
strchr ( ) Returns pointer to first occurrence of char in str1
strrchr ( ) last occurrence of given character in a string is found
strstr ( ) Returns pointer to first occurrence of str2 in str1
strrstr ( ) Returns pointer to last occurrence of str2 in str1
strdup ( ) Duplicates the string
strlwr ( ) Converts string to lowercase
strupr ( ) Converts string to uppercase
strrev ( ) Reverses the given string
strset ( ) Sets all character in a string to given character
strnset ( ) It sets the portion of characters in a string to given character
strtok ( ) Tokenizing given string using delimiter

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